In the first installment of this series, we discussed the initial cost of getting a new dog (purchasing the dog, picking out the equipment you’ll need, and training costs), medical care and emergency medical care for your dog, and the cost of feeding. For this segment, we will be discussing the costs of individual dog breeds, selecting the right breed for you, the possible cost of a dog throughout their entire lifetime, and how to reduce the overall cost of your new dog without impacting their quality of life. Again, most of this information will be coming from The Simple Dollar’s amazing Pet Ownership Costs Guide.

This gorgeous, pure-bred dachshund certainly wasn’t cheap.

Dog Breed Costs

If you’re thinking of purchasing a dog from a breeder, odds are you already have an idea of what kind of dog you want. This is both good and bad because some dog breeds cost significantly more than others and many breeds have specific health issues that are unique to them. It is important to know about these individual issues before taking the plunge with your new pet. The Pet Ownership Costs Guide lists dog breeds from least expensive to most expensive, and the results might surprise you. These prices are estimates, and they can increase even more depending on the pedigree, certifications, and locations of the breeders. Among the lower priced dogs are the American Foxhound, Beagle, Golden Retriever, and Miniature Schnauzer all ranging from $400-$800. These are some of the least expensive dogs that you can get from a breeder, and they still cost more than some people’s monthly rent for their home or apartment.

More expensive dog breeds can cost up to 10 times that of the less expensive breeds. Pharaoh Hounds, Chow Chows, and Rottweilers can cost between $2,000-$3,000, while Tibetan Mastiffs and English Bulldogs can range between $8,000-$9,000. Ironically and very unfortunately, these more expensive breeds are also the ones with much shorter lifespans. For example, English Bulldogs often have breathing problems, skin issues, and joint problems that cause them to have an average lifespan of only eight years. To top it all off, because of their extensive selective breeding, English Bulldogs can no longer breed on their own and over 80% of English Bulldog puppies must be delivered by cesarean section because the mother cannot deliver on her own without risking her life.

Somebody spent a pretty penny on this handsome fella (and his sweater).

Finding Your Dog

This being said, you can certainly purchase a dog from a breeder as long as you are aware of the expenses involved, and you are willing to provide dedicated care for the health issues that might come with your selected breed. You should also consider the dog’s age, your age, and your home environment before purchasing a new dog. For a more detailed breakdown, read Claren Wilson’s awesome article, Finding The Perfect Dog.

You can also check out Animal Planet’s Dog Breed Selector to see if the dog you have in mind will actually be the best breed for you. Each dog has it’s own unique personality and needs, but these sources will help you narrow down your search and help you find your perfect fur-ever friend.

Total Lifetime Cost of a Dog

With all of these facts, numbers, and warnings in your head, it’s finally time to go over the total cost of your dog for their entire life time. This cost is just an average, and it is assuming that your dog will live to the max age of their breed. Considering the initial cost, adoption, equipment, training, medical care, feeding, and the costs of breeds, the total expense for a dog’s lifetime is quite high. This cost can range between $1,760-$34,300 with the average cost being about $18,030.

“I’m worth HOW MUCH?!”

Of course, this amount will be spread throughout the years of your dog’s life, hopefully somewhere between 10-13 years. You will spend large amounts of money when you first adopt your dog, and it should level out a bit once your dog reaches adulthood. The prices will skyrocket again once your dog becomes a senior due to the health issues that come with aging.

Getting a new dog is so full of fun, love, and cuddles that it’s easy to forget how serious it really is. You are adding a new, furry member to your family and you should make sure that you have the appropriate time and resources required to give your bundle of joy the best life they can possibly have.

Reducing the Cost

Even though some people may not be able to afford it, every single person deserves the chance to love (and be loved by) a dog. Because of this, there are some ways that you may be able to slightly reduce the cost of owning a dog without sacrificing your dog’s quality of life. The Pet Ownership Costs Guide offers some methods to reduce the financial burden of owning a pet.

The first thing you can do is adopt a dog from a shelter instead of buying one from a  breeder. This will reduce the cost significantly, as shelters typically charge less than $200 for dogs, they are already spayed or neutered, they have at least their first round of shots, and they are typically already microchipped.

“I may not be a pure-bred, but I deserve a home too!”

The Pet Ownership Costs Guide also explains “If you’re struggling to provide for your pet, there are national programs that provide financial assistance to pet owners in need. The Humane Society provides a full list of these programs, including a state-by-state breakdown. Some only provide assistance for the treatment of specific diseases, while others provide funds to spay and neuter your pet.” There are also non-profit organizations that “provide assistance to pet owners in need. Many shelters have on-site veterinary care for low cost. Organizations like Red Rover allow pet owners to apply for financial aid if they can’t afford veterinary care, while crowdfunding programs like GiveForward are aimed at pet owners.”

Lastly, a great way to reduce the cost of owning a dog is to take steps to prevent illnesses and diseases such as heartworm, parvo, tooth decay, gum disease, fleas, ticks, ear infections, rabies, and kennel cough. These can be prevented by making sure your dog gets its vaccinations on time, takes heartworm preventative, has clean teeth and ears, and is given a full snout-to-tail assessment at least once a week to catch any bumps, tenderness, or foreign objects before they have a chance to become a serious problem. You can use this form to keep track of any changes that you find in your dog. It takes a little bit more work, but it will improve your dogs health, it will increase your connection with your dog, and it can potentially reduce the cost of vet bills if you find something early.

This old guy is happy and healthy.

In Conclusion…

The most important thing to learn from this series of articles is that adding a new dog to your family is something that should be taken very seriously. Not everyone has the time, money, or resources that are required to responsibly own a dog, so adopting a new dog should not be a spur of the moment decision. I firmly believe that every dog should be given the best life possible, and it is often hard to admit that the best life for them may not be with you. If you love dogs but find that you currently don’t have the resources to own one, you can always volunteer at an animal shelter like Safe Haven Animal Sanctuary to help animals in need, and to get your daily dose of fuzzy cuddles. Keep your head up, do what you can, and do it all for the well-being of the dogs that you love so dearly.

Jessica Smith, Associate Editor, having been raised in a household full of dogs, guinea pigs, hamsters, and all things furry, Jessica’s love of animals has only grown over the years. She is currently volunteering for Safe Haven Animal Sanctuary in her free time when she isn’t out and about with her ridiculous pit bull mix, Annabel Lee, or taking care of her two goldfish, Carrot Cake and Winchester. She is also putting her literature degree to use by working as an editor for a local online magazine, Independent Noise. While she has no plans for the future, she knows that it will be filled with fur and fiction galore. You can e-mail Jessica at associateeditorjessica@yourpetspace.info

Do you want an affectionate lap cat? Here are some wonderful breeds to consider!

British Shorthair

This cat most commonly comes from England, Scotland, and Wales. These cats are one of the oldest breeds in the world, dating back to the first century A.D. In the early nineteenth century, the English practiced selective breeding to attain a grey-blue coat so they could call the cat “British Blue”. In 1871, the Crystal Palace in London featured this “new” breed, which was organized by Harrison Weir who was also known as “The Father of the Cat Fancy”. This “new” breed was the British Shorthair. During World War II, the British Shorthair was cross-bred with Persians to keep the breed alive, and after the war, breeders began to reestablish the “British Blue” coat. By the 1970’s, the British Shorthair was formally recognized and registered by the International Cat Association.

Harrison Weir and his British Blue Shorthair.

British Shorthairs are known to be quite loving with their families, and they are best with adults and older children. They are also quite welcoming toward strangers and will often approach them spiritedly. As kittens, they are as lively as other breeds. They are known to keep to themselves, but they are still relatively curious while young. They are easy-going cats who love to sit by their owners, and they are moderately active.

This breed’s coat color is one of its major features. Owners have said that their cat’s fur has a plush and soft texture. The “blue” color is the most prevalent, but these cats have also established other patterns and colors such as black, white, warm brown, golden, cinnamon, and cream colored coats. They have strong, broad bones, and they have a  rounded head and large eyes that typically have a deep orange color.

British Shorthairs shed very little and have little to no dander, making them a great pet for cat owners who may be allergic. They are not very loud, but they are quite large cats. A healthy weight for a female is between eight and thirteen pounds, and a male’s healthy weight is between twelve and nineteen pounds! The typical price of a kitten can range from $800 to $1,575, and they have a lifespan between thirteen and sixteen years.

A gorgeous Blue British Shorthair.

Some genetic diseases that British Shorthairs are disposed to include Gingivitis (this is when calculus forms at the gum lines and leads to gums becoming inflamed) and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, which affects the left ventricle (this ventricle is in control of getting oxygenated blood to their lungs and pumping it into their aortic valve). When this ventricle is compromised, it affects that cat’s heart’s ability to pump blood into their aorta, giving less oxygenated blood to other parts of their body.

If you’re interested in adopting a British Shorthair, you can visit Rescue Me! British Shorthair Rescue on Facebook, or search the breed in Pet Adoptions Over Stock.

Napoleon

The Napoleon cat, also known as the Minuet cat, is a new breed according to The International Cat Association. This cat breed was created by well-known American Kennel Club judge, Joseph B. Smith. Smith was inspired by Munchkin and Persian cats, and he wanted to create a breed that seemed purebred and unique. They were originally named Napoleon cats due to their short legs that are inherited from the Munchkin’s DNA, and their name also refers to the famously short Napoleon Bonaparte.

How can you resist this little guy?!

Owners of these unique cats say that their cats are very playful and social, incredibly intelligent, and compliant. Their tempers are like those of their Persian family members, which are known to be passive, human loving, and snuggly pets. As one of the friendlier cat breeds, they are known for greeting their owners, not being aggressive, and for being gentle with children and adults. They are not very vocal, and this could be attributed to their adaptability and because they seem not to have the need to demand attention.

These cats have coat colors ranging from a mono-colored orange, bi-colored gray and white, and tri-colored golden, gray, and orange. They are long haired cats, so be prepared to groom your Napoleon cat often if you plan on owning one…or a few. Who wouldn’t want more than one?! Although they have short legs, these cats can still leap, play, hunt, and run like all other cats; it doesn’t affect their dexterity. Like Persians, Napoleon cats have inherited a thick coat, dense bone structures, and round eyes and face. Napoleon cats have a lifespan between eleven to fourteen years, and should weigh between nine to ten pounds, and a minimum of five to six. The price of a Napoleon kitten can range from $800 to $1,200.

Just a couple of cuddly kitties.

Napoleon cats are predisposed to similar diseases that their Persian ancestors are affected by, such as Epiphora, which is an overflow of tears from the cat’s eyes. This happens when there is not enough drainage from the tear film of the eyes, leaving some Napoleon cats with dampness underneath their eyes. This can also result in the Stenosis of Nasolacrimal Ducts, which causes the complete blockage of their tear ducts. For the ducts to be cleared, it would require a veterinarian to place the cat under anesthesia and flush out their ducts manually. Persian cats are at risk for Polycystic Kidney Disease, which can be passed on to the Napoleon cat through their DNA. If owners are interested in breeding their Napoleon cats, it is important to make sure they are tested for the PKD1 gene (the gene that carries the Polycystic Kidney Disease defect), and to only breed them if your Napoleon cat’s PKD1 gene comes back negative. If you are interested in adopting a Napoleon cat, visit the North Texas Cat Rescue’s website.

Bombay

In the 1950’s, black panthers inspired breeder Nikki Horner to breed a cat that would be like a tiny black panther. By combining the American Shorthair and Burmese breeds, the Bombay cat was created in 1965! However, it wasn’t until 1979 that the breed was registered with The International Cat Association.

Breeder Nikki Horner and a perfect example of a Bombay cat, Baby Kitty!

Owners of these cats, including myself, rate these cats as being perfect for families, and great with other pets. Bombay cats can live peacefully and happily with children, dogs and other non-dominant cats. They are so lively and loving towards humans, both familiar and new. This breed is usually calm, but they can be very playful, too. These are one of the easiest cats to teach to play fetch, and they are typically very patient when it comes to learning how to walk on a harness. Their owners say that these cats are friendly and affectionate with them, but this breed tends to bond closely with one human and can be quite indifferent to others living in the household.

These cats fashion only one look: all black coat, toes, and nose, and yellow, green, or copper eyes. These cats look similar to Burmese cats, but they have a larger bone structure, longer limbs, and a longer body overall. They have round faces with brilliantly colored eyes, and their black coat is sleek, shiny, and soft to the touch. Bombays have a maximum life expectancy of nineteen to twenty years, and a minimum of thirteen to fifteen years. A healthy weight for these cats is a minimum of seven pounds, and a maximum of ten pounds. Bombay kittens can cost between $500 to $750.

Bombays really do have a striking appearance.

These cats don’t shed as often as a long-haired cat would, but they still require regular brushing. They have a very loud purr, as well as loud cries as most Bombays don’t like to be left alone. When it comes to their health, the breed doesn’t have any serious gene mutations that would pass on to their litter, making them an overall healthy breed. If you are interested in adopting a Bombay, visit Rescue Me, Bombay.

Even with all of these different breeds, rescues, and breeders that provide these specific cats, it is important to first check with your local shelter and see if a rescue cat could be the right fit for you. Visit Safe Haven Animal Sanctuary to see if you can rescue an affectionate cat and give them their fur-ever home.

Elanda-Isabella Atencio, our Feline Editor, is on her road to being a “crazy” cat lady. She has three cats; a moody Missus, a wild Baby Kitty, and notorious Fredrick Douglass. She was raised with cats, chickens, dogs, and geese. From cleaning coops, morning dog runs, picking eggs, to growing catnip, Elanda enjoys pampering her pets. Elanda is a student at New Mexico State University, earning her BA in Creative Writing and is Editor-in-Chief of the online arts journal, Independent Noise and reader for Puerto del Sol. She plans to move to Oregon, where she hopes to take her cats on daily walks when it’s overcast and cool. If you’d like to contact Elanda, email her at eincatencio@gmail.com.

Do you know what type of pet care certification the staff at your daycare facility has obtained?  What about your pet sitter?  You likely checked into the proper certifications for your child care provider, or those folks who care for your elderly parents.  And people often ask pet care providers about being insured and bonded, but seldom about the knowledge and best practices of people who care for our pets—our beloved, furry family members.

Many people don’t realize that several years went by—and many, many new pet care facilities were established during this time–in which the only animal care certifications available for our industry were simply pieces of paper you bought on the internet.  Nowadays, thanks to organizations such as the IBPSA and PACCC, and companies such as PetTech and The Dog Gurus, real training and actual certifcations are available, by means of real courses and testing centers.

And yet, there are still many facilities today that don’t bother to obtain them.

Your Pet Space is proud that our owners are the only two people in the state of New Mexico that are Certified Professional Animal Care Providers (CPACPs).  In the words of PACCC, we are “members of an elite group of pet care professionals who have successfully demonstrated comprehensive pet care knowledge and passion for pet safety”.

The Professional Animal Care Certification Council (PACCC) recently conducted an independent certification exam locally for pet care providers. The exam content was created by a team of industry expert volunteers under the guidance of the Professional Testing Corporation (PTC), the third-party testing organization that administered the exam and certified the results.

To initially qualify to take the CPACP exam, Dave and I had to meet minimum education requirements, have a minimum of 500 hours of experience, and provide letters of reference from veterinarians and other pet care industry professionals, as well as some of our clients. The in-depth 125-question examination covered animal care topics including health, nutrition, dog fight and bite protocol, on-leash and off-leash interaction, sanitation, dog behavior and temperament, dog body language, dog training, animal and handler safety, vaccination protocol, workflow management, pathogen control, emergency and quarantine protocols, air quality standards, staff management expectations, and much more.

Our PACCC certification is only a part of what Your Pet Space will be doing to create a growing team of independently certified pet care professionals. We look forward to the next opportunity so our staff can sit for their initial exam, and Dave and I for the next level.  We are so proud to be able to demonstrate through PACCC’s independent certification our dedication to pet safety for our clients and community.  Pets are family members, and their ‘parents’ should feel confident they are receiving the highest level of care.

In addition to our PACCC certifications, all but our very newest staff have trained with an instructor in pet First Aid and CPR via PetTech.  We rarely have to use any of our first aid skills, and it would be super rare to need to use our CPR knowledge—but we have it…just in case.

Xena, Garrett and Marley relax in our Super Nova module, while Morgan and Finn are in the Space Cadet and Shooting Star areas.

What Are Best Practices For Daycare/Boarding Facilities?

1.)  Assessment of all new dogs (and periodic re-assessment).  Contrary to what some facility owners believe, not all dogs are suited for or enjoy daycare.  Our Assessments inform us at the outset of a dog’s tolerance for the stress of new situations, who his best playmates are, and what type of play is suitable for him.  The initial Assessment Day teaches the dog that Your Pet Space is a safe place to play, even with new dogs and people, and that Mom and Dad always return, whenever they come to see us.

2.)  Appropriate dog playgroups for size and age.  Inside, Your Pet Space offers a small dog play area called The Tribble Zone, a senior dog area: The Milky Way, a puppy play area for our Space Cadets, a Shooting Star area for jumping dogs and the Super Nova module for larger, active dogs with a chasing playstyle.  On the exterior, we have the large outside yard, The Mesosphere, and a smaller dog area called The Stratosphere. Most important: There are never more than 10 dogs in a single playgroup.

3.)  Appropriate staff to dog ratio.  We ask our clients to try to either call to schedule the day before their dog is coming, or schedule on a recurring basis (the same days each week) so that we can ensure we have an adequate number of staff inside to safely supervise the dogs.  Proper certification educates facility owners to allow for 1 person for every 10 dogs, on average.  Sometimes, we provide even more staff, if we have a day with very active groups.

4.)  Proper knowledge of dog body language.  In any facility, the staff on site must be able to head off behavioral issues (fights and bites) before they occur.  This is accomplished by understanding of the body language dogs routinely display while playing, when they’re stressed, and especially when there is about to be an altercation.  A daycare facility is not like your average dog park, where unknown dogs are turned out into an area together without assessment, division of sizes/ages, proper supervision and little or no knowledge of how dogs signal their intentions to one another.  In this sort of situation, dogs are often expected to “work it out” on their own—resulting in a fight.  Certification ensures that almost all of the time, this will not happen with us.

5.)  Proper knowledge of pet health and safety.  In order to gain CPACP status, Dave and I were required to understand how to inhibit transmission of zoonotic and vector borne disease as well as parasites within our facility, as well as demonstrate our knowledge of proper sanitation procedures on a day to day basis.  Also, there was a testing section devoted expressly to the safety of and escape plan for pets and staff within our facility due to an emergency.

Questions To Ask Yourself

In closing this article, I’d like to speak directly to that person reading this and thinking, “Well, I’ve taken my dog(s) to the same place for years and there has never been a problem.  Besides, it’s closer/cheaper/hours are better.”

Let me ask you this: How many incidents at an uncertified facility are ok?  How bad do they have to be before they’re a concern for you?  Would you rather pay a certified pet care provider or pay the vet when your pet is hurt or becomes ill?

If you live near Your Pet Space in Las Cruces, know that we do provide transport, home care for all types of pets, and offer many discounts for our services.  We will even work with you on drop off and pickup times.

So make sure your pet is safer….in a PACCC.

For more information about PACCC and independent certification, visit www.paccert.org.

Joy Jones, Publisher, is also the Vice President of Your Pet Space, a cage free dog boarding facility serving the greater Las Cruces, NM area. Her urban fiction book Indigo was recently published. When not working at Your Pet Space, she writes a metaphysical column, as well as humor. You can e-mail her at joy@yourpetspace.info or follow Your Pet Space on Facebook.

I began writing this to help senior citizens find the right dog. As I wrote, I realized that the information is beneficial to people of all ages who are looking for a dog. Companion animals (cats and dogs in particular) provide multiple health benefits to all individuals. The health benefits can include an increase in physical activity, social support and interaction, and a decrease in cardiovascular disease and depression. It seems that, on almost a daily basis, scientists are finding more benefits to having a dog or cat, which can be seen on both the animal and the human side of the relationship. However, as with any human-animal interaction, there are possible downfalls.

Am I the perfect dog for you?

All too many times, people get a new dog and the person and dog are not a good match for each other. The American Kennel Club (AKC) categorizes breeds of dogs into seven different groups; herding, hound, non-sporting, sporting, terrier, toy, and working. Breeds fit within each group based on the original job that they were bred to do. For example, the dogs in the sporting group are ones who are bred to assist hunters, the herding group is bred to protect and move livestock, and the terrier group is bred to go after rodents. In modern times, people breed dogs mostly for companionship rather than to do a job. However, the breeds still have some common behaviors that were originally bred into them when they needed to do a job effectively. Within each breed (Border Collie, West Highland White Terrier, Rottweiler, etc.) each individual dog has its own unique personality and temperament. When it comes time to get a new dog, the breed should play an important role in the selection process. For example, Huskies were originally bred to pull sleds long distances. Because of this, teaching a Husky to walk on a loose leash can be much harder than it is for other breeds, so they not ideal for a person with back issues or with shoulder, arm, or hand problems.

I have an 80-year-old client, let’s call her Debby, (names have been changed) who has a 1-year-old Border Collie named Thor. Debby has an older Pekingese, and she got Thor so she could have someone to walk. Debby’s doctors told her that, to help with her medical issues, she should be more active to decrease her pain and increase her blood circulation. Therefore, Debby wanted a more active dog to help keep her active.

Border Collies can be great dogs (for the right person).

If you’re unaware of typical behaviors in Border Collies, here are the basics: Border Collies were (and still are) bred to herd sheep. This allows a rancher to move flocks of sheep much easier, and it is less stressful for the livestock than herding with horses can be. Border Collies are extremely active, intelligent dogs that need constant training, exercise, and mental stimulation. I was called in to work with Thor because he was digging up Debby’s back yard, barking incessantly with complaints from the neighbors, jumping on people, and he could not be walked because he pulled. Thor is behaving the way he is because he is not getting the physical and mental stimulation required to keep a Border Collie happy and out of trouble. Because of this, Thor and Debby are not a good fit for each other. I do agree with Debby’s doctors that, the more active she becomes, the healthier she will get. Unfortunately, Debby hasn’t become more active with Thor, since he is currently so unruly that he cannot be handled.

If you’re looking for a dog, I highly recommend consulting a local trainer or behaviorist to help you find the perfect dog for your lifestyle. Some of the questions to ask yourself before you get a dog are:

What will your life be like in 5-10 years?

The average lifespan for a dog is 10+ years. If you are older, are you willing to accept that your dog may outlive you? If they do, what will happen to the dog? Also, do you see yourself moving into a smaller house or across the country?

These guys would like to know the plan for their futures!

Will you be getting the dog by yourself or with someone?

If you live with someone, make sure they are just as dedicated to having another dog as you are. If everyone in the house is on board, it makes adding a new family member much easier.

How much time can you dedicate to your dog?

If you’re retired, you may be at home frequently, but does that mean that you’re constantly with your dog, or will they be in the backyard by themselves most of the day? If they’re in the house, are they kenneled or do they have some freedom to roam around?

Can you afford to own an animal?

The cost to purchase a pure-bred animal can be extensive, but it is also important to remember that other costs are involved in having a dog. Food, veterinary care, supplies (leash, collar, tags, bowls, toys, beds, kennel, etc.), and training can all add up very quickly. These are all things that are constant and sometimes may be more expensive than others. For a more detailed break-down of the costs, check out the article What To Know Before Getting a New Dog: Part I.

Do you have support from others if you’re working late or traveling?

Sometimes, traveling has to happen. What are you going to do with your dog while you’re out of town or if you have to work late? Are you going to hire someone to come over to your house to take care of your dog? Are you going to pay a facility like Your Pet Space to board your dog while you’re gone? If you have a long day is your dog going to stay home alone or go to daycare?

She doesn’t want to have to spend 8+ hours a day in her crate.

How much household destruction can you handle?

Dogs, especially puppies, can easily destroy items in your house. Whether they are peeing or pooping in your house, chewing on your couch, or playing and knocking over breakables, are you willing or able to handle this?

If you already have a pet, is that pet likely to accept a new house mate?

Adding another animal into your house can be stressful for the pets you already have. If you have a cat and you get a new dog, will your new dog chase the cat? Also keep in mind the age(s) of the animals; if you have a 15 year old dog who has mobility issues, adding a puppy could cause more problems for your senior dog.

What do you hope to get out of the relationship with your dog?

Are you wanting a dog to cuddle with you? Do you want a walking buddy? Are you wanting a dog to do visitation work, become a therapy dog, or do agility? Do you want to do a lot of training? Knowing your goals for your future dog will help you find the best dog for your needs.

This dog is doing very well in his training classes!

Do you have the time and resources needed for proper training?

Some dogs take more training time than others. Are you willing to spend the time needed to give your dog everything they need, both mentally and physically? Are you willing to hire a trainer to help you one-on-one if you’re having issues that you cannot correct? Are you willing to remain consistent with your training?

What breed or mixes of breeds should I get?

Even if you’re planning on adopting, look at the American Kennel Club (AKC) website to get detailed information on a variety of breeds and their individual needs. Some dogs need more grooming than others, some are more fit for apartments, and others aren’t good with kids. Talk with a trainer, behaviorist, or veterinarian for their input on what breed(s) may be best for your lifestyle.

Should I get a puppy or an adult dog?

Many people want a puppy. Younger dogs take more training and they take more time to work through typical puppy problems like potty training and chewing. Getting an adult dog or a senior dog may be more fitting to your lifestyle. An adult dog is more likely to come with some known basic training, such as potty training. A senior dog is also a great companion for someone who wants to take slow walks every day, but spend the rest of the time relaxing on the couch.

Should I adopt or buy a dog from a breeder?

If you know me, I am all for adopting. Rescue dogs make wonderful family members, but I am not here to preach. If you want to purchase from a breeder, make sure you do your research and make sure they are a reputable breeder. You should avoid puppy mills, pet stores, or anything that seems “sketchy” as much as possible.

How do I pick the right dog?

To find the right dog, spend time answering and thinking through the above questions. Do some research. Most importantly, take your time. Just because you go out one day looking for a dog, that doesn’t mean you need to find one that day. A lot of the time when people make an “in the moment” decision, they end up with a dog that is not a good match, much like Debby and Thor. Are you wanting another Labrador Retriever because you had one a few years ago that was absolutely amazing? Remember, even dogs who are the same breed have their own individual personalities. Just because you had a lab who loved to go hiking and could be trusted off leash, doesn’t mean another lab will be the same way.

Do you feel right about it?

Are you feeling pressure to get a dog? When you meet the dog, you should know without a doubt that this is the right dog. Follow your gut.

Every person is different. Every dog is different. There is no one way to find the perfect companion. The above is meant to help people narrow down their thoughts and help in beginning the process of finding the right dog. Your fur-ever friend might just find you when you least expect it. Good luck!

Claren Wilson is the head trainer at Cloud K-9 Dog Training Services. She is a certified professional dog trainer knowledge assessed (CPDT-KA) through the Certification Council of Professional Dog Trainers. She is also a distinguished graduate from New Mexico State University where she completed her Bachelor Degree in Animal Science with an emphasis in Companion Animals. Before staring Cloud K-9, Claren worked at a veterinary clinic in Corrales, NM and was a trainer at Petco. While at Petco, Claren became a dog training mentor and received her AKC Canine Good Citizen evaluater certification. Claren is Pet First Aid and CPR certified. You may email her at cloudk9nm@hotmail.com, call her at 575-524-2041, or visit her website, www.cloudk9nm.com.

Siri, Clay, and Merton in their DIY play area.

As a rat owner, I understand how difficult it is to find a toy that keeps your critter engaged for a significant amount of time. Small animals need to have interesting objects and activities to keep their brains active and boost their mental health. There are a lot of commercial toys out there for small pets that can be used inside of a cage or out in the play space, even some bird toys are suitable for certain situations, but in this age of Facebook DIY videos and Pinterest home crafting boards, rodent toy ideas are taking a dangerous turn.

When you pick up a toy at the store, you can be fairly certain that the item is made with parts that will be safe for your rat or other small animal. Of course, there have been one or two exceptions (I never recommend the Snack Shack chew toy to any rat owner, as it has caused illness and death in some animals) and you should always read the labels and follow all care instructions, but generally, a pet owner can assume that purchased toys are the safest way to play. Unfortunately, these toys can be costly, especially if your resources are limited and the pet stores in your area offer a small variety. The solution to providing a little extra fun is to repurpose something from around the house, turning it from trash into treasure.

While some of the do-it-yourself items found online are perfectly safe, many that are floating around the internet these days contain dangerous or toxic elements that should NOT be used in small animal toys. In this article, I have decided to take a look at some of the most popular DIY items floating around in your feeds.

Homemade Houses

If you see this video, keep scrolling!

It is becoming a fad these days to create houses for rats out of massive amounts of popsicle sticks or old t-shirts glued to cardboard boxes. The issue here isn’t the item you are creating these houses with, it’s the way you are holding them together.

WARNING: Do NOT, I repeat, DO NOT follow any online video instructing you to use glue or tape when you make one of these for your rat or other small animal! Tape and glue are dangerous even if you think you are putting them where your pet can’t reach. These critters are chewers and can easily chew through cardboard to get to tape or glue on the other side.

All of the houses that I have seen online contain toxic glues that are NOT safe for consumption by your furry friends, most especially the ones made with HOT GLUE. I checked with our vet on this and he emphatically agreed with me. According to Dr. Smith, who has been a reference for our small animal articles in the past, there are NO commercial glues that are completely safe for your small pet. And, of course, tape is a choking hazard.

Work Around: If you want to make a house for your rat, ask around for people to give you old boxes, cut holes in them, and connect them together WITHOUT tape or glue. Typically, our family uses tissue boxes with the plastic cut out, old packing boxes and shipping tubes, empty shoe boxes, or anything else made of paper or cardboard. When making your house, remember not to use glue or tape and to remove any plastic or tape materials from the boxes before use. It is probably possible for someone who is super crafty to find a way to tie sticks together with string or twine for a nice house, but any of the glued houses should be completely avoided.

Image taken from Friskies’ ‘How to Make a Cat Tent’ video at https://youtu.be/kPlrvDF7-oU

Conclusion: Ignore the Facebook popsicle house video completely, and alter the t-shirt and coat hanger cat house design by simply not using the tape. It may be a little less stable, but you won’t catch your rats chewing on something dangerous. Also with the cat house, make sure to regularly check the coat hanger edges that might cause dangerous cuts if they become exposed due to chewing of the cardboard base.

Paper Tube Games

Before and after. Paper tube toys are simple to make.

There are a lot of things you can do with toilet paper tubes. If you have enough of them, you can make food-seeking mazes by providing a large number of tubes, with only a few holding a treat. You can do this by standing them on end and watching your rat bowl them all over in their search, or by leaving them flat, which takes more space. Others use the tubes as treat logs, stuffed with scrap paper and some goodies that their pet has to chew through in order to find their reward.

WARNING: Other than requiring supervision to be certain that a large rat doesn’t get stuck in these tubes, tube games are basically safe. There are three rules to follow with these home made toys, regarding adhesives and hanging. These rules apply regardless of what project you follow.

The first rule is the same as above, DO NOT use glue or tape for any reason. Your pets will be chewing on these, and that can be very dangerous.

Second in the list of rules, is the use of yarn. This is dangerous for your small pet because yarn isn’t good for your rats to chew and their nails can catch in it too easily, causing major injury to their toes.

Finally, there are many people out there who use shower curtain hooks to attach their toys to their rat cages. Some of these are safe, but most can cause deep gashes or death if they accidentally pop open and the hook catches on any part of your rat’s body.

Work Around: If you see a project claiming you have to use yarn, find string or twine and use that instead. If you want to hang your toy in the cage, you can use twine for that too, or repurpose the clip of a toy purchased from the store.

Merton sniffs out a seed ball hidden in the hanging basket.

Conclusion: These are fun and safe, as long as you think carefully about what it is you are making. Supervision is always the best policy when it comes to toys of any sort, but these are some of the easiest, most stress free things you can make. The simplest way to give your rats fun is just to fold the tube shut on both ends and let them go to town chewing and pulling at the paper you stuffed inside to get their one special reward.

Dig Boxes and Ball Pens

It is natural for your small pet to want to dig around because, in the wild, they forage for their food. Dig boxes are obviously more useful to some small pets than others, but most have a lot of fun with these types of toys. Most pet owners use a set of plastic drawers, filling the bottom one with dirt, the middle one with plastic Easter eggs and the top one is left empty to remove for water play or is used as toy storage. Before you make any type of play container like these, be sure to ask your vet if what you want to do is safe for the health of your little one.

WARNING: DO NOT use dirt or sand that has been chemically treated or could contain insects. You MUST use sterilized soils that contain NO pesticides or fertilizers. For sanitation reasons, the poop should be scooped as soon as you see it and the soil should be changed once a week. If your pet shows ANY signs of a respiratory issue, stop the use of your dirt dig box immediately and see the vet. Dirt and sand dig boxes can cause respiratory distress in any small animal that already has a breathing issue.

Some people grow edible grasses in the soil for the rats to play in. If you chose to do this, ASK YOUR VET what would be best for your pet. If you decide to scatter treats or seeds to encourage the foraging behavior, use these things sparingly, as too much can cause dietary or intestinal problems.

Lee explores an egg-ball pen.

If you are creating a ball pen, use ONLY plain plastic eggs with no glitter, paint, or other decoration. ALWAYS check the eggs for cracks that could hurt your pet and try to prevent chewing on the plastic whenever possible.

Work around: There aren’t any real work around needs with dig boxes and play pens. The most important thing to do when it comes to do it yourself play spaces is to ask your vet for advice BEFORE creating one. That way you can be certain that you are using items that are right for your pet’s specific needs. If your pet can’t have one with dirt, try the eggs instead.

Have Fun!

Playtime for the girls.

The most important thing about DIY toys is that you, the pet owner, are responsible for the safety and well being of your small fur buddy. If you find something new and exciting, but aren’t sure about the risks involved, contact your vet. They can easily tell you if your idea needs altering to suit your pet’s needs.

Play time with your pets should be as entertaining for you as it is for them and creating your own toys based on the interests of your animal can be a fun way to get involved with their training and promote natural behaviors that stimulate mental health. Have fun creating, keep safety in mind, and you and your pet should enjoy hours of entertainment together.

Dr. Jason Smith attended Rider University in New Jersey where he earned his undergraduate degree in Cellular and Molecular Biology with a minor in Chemistry. He then attended the University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, where he graduated with his Doctorate in Veterinary Medicine in 2005 with honors. He enjoys all aspects of small animal medicine and surgery and has medically and surgically treated dogs, cats, rabbits, ferrets, guinea pigs, rats, prairie dogs, chinchillas, hedgehogs, hamsters, mice, gerbils and pot bellied pigs. He currently practices at both Timberlyne and Legion Road Animal Clinics in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

Mirrani Houpe, our Small Animal Editor, has had rats since she took home her first little boy once they both completed the second grade. Since that time she has owned, rescued and bred many kinds of rats, from many backgrounds. She may not be a vet, psychology major, or scientist, but her babies have her very well trained when it comes to how to care for them. She is constantly working with her family’s veterinarian to come up with new and innovative ways to love and care for the most often misunderstood rodent in the pet world. You can e-mail her at mirrani@yourpetspace.info.

When looking for a new companion animal, birds are always an adventurous choice. Unlike fish who are restricted to water, or dogs who keep their feet planted (mostly) on the ground, birds have the ability of flight and also have the unique adaptation of feathers instead of fur or scales. Their vibrant personalities match their unique physical appearance. This causes the members of the avian species to be very distinctive when compared to other types of pets, and it results in different types of challenges. Once we begin to consider a plumed pal, we must ask ourselves: how do we know if a bird is a right fit for our home? Fear not avian seeker, here are some tips to help you out!

Blue and Gold Macaw enjoying some playtime

Bird Care

The sky is the limit when it comes to pampering your bird, but there are a few basic items that must be considered before bringing a bird home. One important piece of equipment needed is a cage. A bird’s cage acts as a safe zone that belongs specifically to your bird(s). This is their space where they will feel comfortable and safe. Thus, it is important for the cage to be roomy enough that the bird remains comfortable while on a perch and while in flight. When picking a cage, you will need to consider the height, length, and width compared to the bird’s size, bar spacing on cage sides, and how many birds will be sharing this space. A fun way to determine the adequate length and width for a cage is to imagine the bird standing on the bottom of the cage with its wings spread to their full length, then visualize the bird turning in a full circle. The tips of the wings and the tail feathers should not touch any of the sides of the cage. Small cages produce the risk of birds getting their feathers stuck in the gaps between the bars which can damage the feathers and cause injury. When in doubt, go with a larger cage with greater total area! The vertical or horizontal bar spaces need to be sufficiently small so that a curious Polly will not fit their head through the space. When adopting multiple flock members, consider the previous cage sizing, and also make sure that there will be enough space for the birds so they can all be apart from the others while still not risking damage to their own feathers.

Have you ever heard of the term “bird brain?” This saying is typically reserved for someone who is easily scattered in their thoughts. The saying “bird brain” does have a grain of truth hidden in it. Birds can be some of the most intelligent animals on the planet, but they need to keep their mind active. The best way to sustain your bird’s entertainment is to provide the right kind of toys and perches to re-create their natural habitats. Colors, sounds, reflections, textures, and puzzles can provide all sorts of enrichment for a feathered companion. Providing an array of perches and toys and interchanging them once in a while will keep a birdie buddy happy and playful and it will keep their mind active.

Three Parakeets in a cage and their play area

As with most living things, your pet bird will also need to be fed daily and have access to water. Having their food and water separate in their cage will assist in keeping the bird’s food dry and the water clean. Luckily, most bird cages sold in stores come with both food and water dishes.

Your bird’s diet is a also very important factor to consider. Unlike wild birds who can forage for seeds, grains, and nuts, a companion bird is fully dependent on what you can offer them as their caregiver. It is important to read the nutrient information of pet bird seed and research blends that will meet your pet bird’s species requirements.

Picking the Right Type of Bird

Companion birds are commonly divided into two orders: Psittaciformes (parrots) and Passeriformes (song birds). Any pet bird in either order will make a wonderful addition to your family, so what matters is identifying a species that will meet exactly what you’re looking for in a feathered friend.

Parrots are exotic and curious creatures. Naturally intelligent, parrots are a joy to train and may even be able to repeat words and phrases. Many different species of parrots are available as companion birds, but as the bird’s size increases, the amount of money, time required to care for them, and longevity of the bird increases as well. As a first time bird owner, species such as a parakeet (budgie) or cockatiel are recommended for their personalities, size, and price. Depending on the amount of time you are able to spend with your parrot, a second bird of the same breed would make an excellent social companion.

Cockatiel, a sweet beginner pet parrot, perching on their human’s hand.

Song birds are also wonderful birds to welcome into your home. Song birds include avians such as canaries, finches, and cooing doves. The majority of these little guys don’t care for much handling or human contact, however, there are exceptions where some may enjoy human cuddles. Song birds, as their name suggests, have musical vocals and may fill your home with sweet tweets, chirps, coos, and caws! If you think you would prefer to have a little flock of birds, song bird species typically flourish in homes where they participate in companionship with two, three, or more birds of their kind to form a flock.

Two Zebra Finches, which are very popular companion songbirds.

 Time

Dedication, schedules, and plenty of patience is key to owning birds. It is going to take a bit of time and effort for your new bird to become used to your presence. Birds are prey animals and are very skittish. This may cause it to take a few days before they are used to your presence. Once you all are comfortable with each other, it will become a ritual of consistency to offer fresh food and water at least once a day. Food and water bowls should also be cleaned frequently to prevent bacteria. The cage, toys and anything else that may have come in contact with bird waste should also be cleaned at least once a week. Molted feathers, waste, seed shells, splashed water, and the remains of toys are common litter found in the bottom of a bird’s cage that must be cleaned up. Birds of all species will produce a lot of dandruff and mess and the area around the cage will most likely need cleaning as well.

Conure Parrots enjoying a meal by hulling the seeds before dropping the shells.

One major observation frequently made about birds is their unique sound. Their vocals can be sweet or very irritating. Many parrots can screech up to the volume of emergency sirens and if this occurs during sleeping hours it may be disturbing. Patience is necessary because you should not always scold the animal, but instead try to understand why they decided to start singing in the early hours. A bird’s biological clock is very strong and they may need to be “put to bed” at different times throughout the year depending on daylight hours.

In some cases, like with many parrot species, your bird buddy will need exercise time of an hour or more each day outside of their cage to truly stretch their wings. When your bird is out of the cage, a supervising eye is especially needed because of their curious nature. They may get themselves in some very challenging or destructive situations. With persistence, training, and veterinary advice, managing the effort of care for your bird will become a breeze.

Other Friends

A very important consideration to make before investing in birds is to respect other household members. Not all abodes are adequate in housing avians. If other house mates cannot handle the clamor that can possibly be made or if any other companion animals would be bothered by a frantic flutter, it may be best to reconsider. Many birds can become very sick, stressed, or destructive in homes not suited for them. Too many birds end up being surrendered due to incompatibility. Sometimes you do just need a trial period to see if Tweety and Sylvester can learn to adjust to each other, or if the situation should be reconsidered. For example, I personally cannot adopt a bird currently because I live with bird dogs who become very excited and agitated when sighting feathered fowl. I decided not to adopt currently because I fear my dogs may accidentally hurt the bird and I wish to avoid as much stress as possible for either animal. The good news is, if you currently decide it is best not to adopt today, circumstances do change and it may become possible one day!

An African Grey parrot and cat getting along and relaxing together.

Sometimes though, training and persistence can solve such a situation and if the other household members are neutral to their new feathered family member, then your birdie adventure may begin!

Ashley Gurnea, our Avian Editor, is a certified bird feeding specialist at Wild Birds Unlimited. A graduate from New Mexico State University, Ashley earned her bachelor degree in the field of Animal Science. She completed an internship at an exotic animal park, working with animals ranging from camels to porcupines and a variety of birds such as parrots and cockatoos. This love and curiosity of avians has led her to her current position at Wild Birds Unlimited in Las Cruces where she remains up to date with local wild feeder birds. Growing up in a home where animals have always been present, Ashley is now a self-proclaimed “Corgi Countess” due to her love and adoration for her tricolor Pembroke welsh corgi, Colin.  Bring up anything corgi or bird related in a conversation and Ashley will be happy to share her many photos. Feel free to ask her about pet birds, and visit Wild Birds Unlimited for questions on wild birds! Ashley can be reached at ashleygurnea@gmail.com.

Owning a senior dog can be surprisingly different from owning a puppy or an adult dog. They tend to have more health issues, special needs, and they might have more trouble being away from their owners. Because of this, there are some things you should know about boarding your senior dog, and there are things that you should tell your boarding facility, as well. Senior dogs might be a little bit more complicated, but loving one makes it all worthwhile.

Loving a senior dog couldn’t be easier.

What You Should Know

Because senior dogs can be a bit more sensitive to changes in their life, it is very important to take some precautions when boarding them. A boarding facility could be a bit overwhelming for your senior dog due to of all of the different smells, sights, and sounds, especially if they’ve never been there before or if they only go once a year. This can all be quite stressful for your dog and for you. The IBPSA (International Boarding & Pet Services Association) explains that, “Stress-induced hormones have effects on various body systems such as increased blood pressure forcing the heart to work harder, a slowdown of kidney and urinary systems, and a temporary shutdown of the immune system, which fights off disease and infections. Exhibited physical signs may include vomiting, diarrhea, lack of appetite, lethargy, or increased respiration.”

This old guy seems to be handling the stress pretty well.

This might sound a bit scary, but as long as you’re prepared, your senior dog should be fine. The best way to prepare your dog for boarding is to introduce them to the facility before they stay there for a long period of time. A good way to do this is by taking your dog to daycare at the facility and maybe having them sleep over for a night so they can see what it’s like. It is important to find a facility that has an area specifically for senior dogs so they can have a break from the craziness that the younger dogs can produce. At Your Pet Space, we have a quiet area in the back with a sofa, a recliner, dog beds, lamps, and even a television that creates a homey feel for senior dogs. It is crucial for them to stay as calm and relaxed as possible so they don’t get too overwhelmed. Too much stress can even potentially make your dog sick. The IBPSA says, “Your pet care provider is responsible for providing a clean, safe, and caring environment and monitoring the health of the pets left in their care. Unfortunately, a boarding facility has no way of preventing a pet from becoming ill from the effects of stress.”

Because of this, it is very important for you to partner with your boarding facility so they can provide the best care possible for your senior dog. To avoid even more stress, you can also ask about home care. Your Pet Space provides home care for any animal (dog, cat, ferret, bird, you name it!) who may not fare as well in the facility. If you take your senior dog for a few days of daycare before your big trip and it seems too stressful for your furry friend, you can keep them at home and we can provide care for them there where they will be relaxed, comfortable, and stress-free.

Completely happy and resting at home.

What You Should Tell Your Provider

So, you’ve laid down the groundwork for boarding your senior dog and you are booking their stay at the facility or home care will be provided. Since caring for senior dogs can be much more complicated than caring for younger dogs, there is some information that you should always tell your provider. You should also keep them updated on your dog’s health and well-being for any future stays. Having this information before the stay will help your boarding provider give your dog the best care possible.

Health Issues

Please let your boarding facility know if your senior dog has any health issues and how they are being treated. Even if your dog has something as small as a cough, drippy eyes, or a recurring limp, it is good to know. Otherwise you might get a concerned call saying your dog might have kennel cough or may have hurt their leg while playing when it’s actually a minor, recurring issue. It is also very important to tell your boarding facility if your dog has any allergies to any foods or any airborne allergens. If your dog is very stressed and not eating, the facility may try feeding them a different type of food so it is good for them to know if that would cause an allergic reaction. Also, the facility might offer some natural, calming supplements to your dog if they seem overly stressed. If your dog has known food allergies, they could react poorly to that, as well.

Calm and healthy is the best way to live.

Medication

If your senior dog takes any medications, please let your boarding facility know and provide detailed instructions on how to give them. It is also good to know exactly what health issue the medication is for. Let them know what time of day, how much they should be getting, how often, and if it needs to be paired with food or put in something like a pill pocket or peanut butter. Also let them know if your dog ever has difficulty taking their medication and what to do if they will not take it on their own. The IBPSA asks, “If your dog is on several medications or a complicated dosage schedule, a small chart or calendar showing the medication schedule may help staff to keep the treatments on time. Bring your insulin needles or other measuring devices for liquid medications to ensure that all measurements are the same as at home.”

This old guy deserves to be taken care of properly.

Considering the Worst

Even with all of these precautions, sometimes the worst can still happen while you’re out of town. Your boarding facility will provide the best care possible for all dogs, including your senior dog, but they can’t work miracles. If your dog gets severely ill or even passes away, it is important for your boarding facility to know what you’d like them to do. Your Pet Space has a section in our boarding contract that explains, “if the pet becomes ill or if the state of the pet’s health otherwise requires professional attention, the Kennel may contact the client’s veterinarian and/or administer First Aid, medicine, Canine CPR, or give other requisite attention to the pet, and the expenses thereof shall be paid by Owner. In the event the Owner’s vet cannot be reached or time is of the essence in saving the pet’s life, the Owner agrees that the Kennel may take the pet to the nearest veterinary facility for emergency treatment.”

This being said, special arrangements can also be put in place. If requested, Your Pet Space can take your dog only to your vet, can ask for specific tests to be done, or they can forego doing any treatment whatsoever, allowing your dog to pass on naturally when they see fit. While it is a terrible thing to have to consider, it is the best for you, your senior dog, and your boarding facility to have a personalized plan developed if the circumstances become dire.

Providing the best love and care that a senior dog truly deserves.

The Positive Side

Once you have gone through the detailed work of preparing your senior dog, yourself, and your facility for boarding or home care, it is equally important to remember that with all of the work and communication involved, things will probably go off without a hitch. There is always a chance that something could go wrong, even with younger dogs, but your boarding facility will take your advice to heart and they will do everything they can to ensure that your dog has the most relaxing, stress-free stay possible.

Jessica Smith, Associate Editor, having been raised in a household full of dogs, guinea pigs, hamsters, and all things furry, Jessica’s love of animals has only grown over the years. She is currently volunteering for Safe Haven Animal Sanctuary in her free time when she isn’t out and about with her ridiculous pit bull mix, Annabel Lee, or taking care of her two goldfish, Carrot Cake and Winchester. She is also putting her literature degree to use by working as an editor for a local online magazine, Independent Noise. While she has no plans for the future, she knows that it will be filled with fur and fiction galore. You can e-mail Jessica at associateeditorjessica@yourpetspace.info

When you’re considering getting a new dog, there’s probably a few things that will cross your mind. Will this new dog get along with my family? Will they be able to make friends with my current pets? How do I find the right dog for my situation? Do I have enough time to devote to a new dog? While these are very important questions to ask yourself, you should also know how much adding a new dog to your life is going to cost, and how to find the right dog breed for you.

Keep in mind: this article is not meant to dissuade you from getting a new dog, it is simply meant to inform you so you are properly prepared to take care of your dog in the best way possible. It may seem a bit overwhelming at first, but being as prepared as possible for your new family member will benefit you and your dog significantly.

This puppy is curious about the information!

Initial Cost

Before we get into selecting the right pooch for you, it is important that we go over the basics. Supplies for bigger dogs will cost slightly more than smaller breeds, but the following information will be the average amount spent on a new dog. The majority of this information will be coming from the amazing 2017 Pet Cost Guide developed by The Simple Dollar.

The initial cost of a new dog consists of breeder/adoption fee, vaccinations, training classes, and necessary dog equipment. Most breeders will charge anywhere between $2,000-$9,000 for your new friend depending on the dog breed. Shelters, rescues, and sanctuaries often charge less than $100. They also tend to include spaying/neutering, vaccinations, and microchipping in this price. Basically, you get all of the initial vet costs waived. This will bring down the overall amount you spend on your dog drastically.

Pound puppies need fur-ever homes, too.

In regards to necessary initial equipment for your dog, the Pet Cost Guide explains that, “There are only a few pieces of equipment that dogs absolutely need: a food and water bowl, a leash, and a crate. Beyond that, much of the equipment available for dogs is a luxury. However, this cost can increase drastically if you need to make changes to your home.” For example, do you have a yard with a fence at least four feet tall? If not, you may need to spend upwards of $1,000 upgrading your yard so your dog can play safely unsupervised.

Training should also be seen as a necessity. If your dog is not properly trained, you are risking their safety and the safety of the dogs and people around them. This could cause your bills (and stress-levels) to sky-rocket. Most group training classes range between $80-$150 for a six-eight week course, with private classes costing between $40-$100 per session. As long as you practice DAILY at home, most classes will be beneficial to you and your dog.

The initial cost of getting a new dog come to about $500 if you don’t purchase your dog from a breeder. If you do purchase your dog from a breeder, this cost can rise to $2,500-$9,500. Thankfully all of these things should be just a one-time fee, but the rest of the list will be things that you’ll have to continuously think about during your dog’s lifetime.

Better start saving!

Medical Care

Now that you have your new dog, you have to keep them as healthy as possible. If it hasn’t already been done, you need to think about spaying or neutering your dog, and you have to get heartworm protection, flea and tick protection, and ear and dental care. If you keep an eye on these preventative measures, you will save a lot of money in the long run. Letting any one of these conditions get too out of hand will cause major financial down-falls, and the health of your pet will suffer. Without treatment, most of these issues can be life-threatening. It is crucial that you focus on controlling these issues at least once a month. If you brush your dog’s teeth on a regular basis at home, the need to take your dog to get their teeth cleaned decreases dramatically. You can also check your dog’s ears for any dirt, grime, discharge, or strange smells before taking them to the vet.

The “cone of shame” is a sure sign that this puppy just got fixed!

There are also breed specific health issues to keep in mind. The Pet Ownership Costs Guide explains that, “Certain breeds of dogs are more prone to medical problems than others. Some are almost infamous for them; for example, pugs and bulldogs. Most flat-faced dog breeds have chronic respiratory issues and are known for loud snoring. While that may be an endearing quality to many people, the snoring is a result of the animal struggling to breathe. German Shepherds are also prone to a number of problems like eczema and hip dysplasia. A good rule to remember is that any animal bred to look a specific way likely has a health issue as a result. King Charles Cavalier Spaniels are prone to brain injury because their skulls have been bred almost too small for their brains, while English Bulldogs face a number of joint issues as well as skin issues.” The vet bills for these issues could be astronomical, let alone the pain and suffering that your dog may be feeling.

Feeding

Feeding your dog may seem like one of the easiest steps in the process of becoming a new dog owner, but it may end up being more complicated than you expect. If you truly want to give your dog a long, healthy life, you should be feeding them medium to high quality food. This does not necessarily mean that you need to be spending $80 a month on dog food. There are some reasonably priced, good quality foods available. The absolute best place to go with any dog food questions is Better Life Natural Pet Foods. They will help you find the best food for your dog in your price range.

Low quality food is like candy for dogs. Do you feed your kids candy for dinner?

My dog, Annie, is the perfect example of the surprisingly difficult nature of feeding. As I’ve discussed in some previous articles, Annie is severely allergic to grass, grain, and potato. This may not seem like that big of a problem, but it is. If she gets a bowl of the wrong food, she will have a rash and hives the next day. It has been a real learning process to get her on the right food, but over the past year of trial and error, she now eats Zignature brand food. This is the only brand I’ve been able to find that consistently helps her skin stay clear. Unfortunately, this brand ranges between $60-$90 for a large bag. Annie’s health is definitely worth the price, but it goes to show that expenses for your dog can arise where you least expect.

Further Thoughts

This is a lot of information, yet it is only the beginning! In the next segment of this series, we will be discussing the possible total cost of a new dog and how to pick the right dog for you. Stay tuned for more! Also, check out this previously published article about adopting and raising a puppy.

Jessica Smith, Associate Editor, having been raised in a household full of dogs, guinea pigs, hamsters, and all things furry, Jessica’s love of animals has only grown over the years. She is currently volunteering for Safe Haven Animal Sanctuary in her free time when she isn’t out and about with her ridiculous pit bull mix, Annabel Lee, or taking care of her two goldfish, Carrot Cake and Winchester. She is also putting her literature degree to use by working as an editor for a local online magazine, Independent Noise. While she has no plans for the future, she knows that it will be filled with fur and fiction galore. You can e-mail Jessica at associateeditorjessica@yourpetspace.info – See more at: https://www.yourpetspace.info/your-staff/

Have you ever watched your furry feline run across the room, pounce onto a chair and stare at you with their big eyes? How about, walking around a corner and seeing them jump into mid-air because they didn’t expect to be noticed as they followed you? I’m sure the answer is yes. Cats are curious, active and playful, whether they are only indoor or outdoor pets. If you have ever tried to leave the house and your kitty tries to sneak out, it’s not to run away, it’s to explore! Ever heard of cats carpooling? Some cats love to go on car rides with their owners and watch the scenery! Cats have long lifespans; some can even live up to twenty years. And it’s important to keep their minds bright and quick as they age. It doesn’t happen immediately; it is a slow and gradual effect that you will start noticing after a few years. Just like us, our feline friends can’t always stay young.

Beautiful Missus, sitting like a “lady”.

Your Aging Cat

As a cat becomes elderly, mental and physical changes take place. Brain cells can diminish and the brain size can decrease, particularly in the frontal cortex. Dopamine levels decline as well, and synapses and receptors are reduced. Symptoms of aging can include: a change in waking and sleeping cycles; defecation or urination outside their litter box; less interplay with other pets and their owners; less of a desire to eat; confusion about their surroundings; and very loud crying.

One of my best friends is a cat; her name is Missus. She was first given to me when I was eight years old, and almost fourteen years later, she is still around and is one of the best cats I have ever owned. As a kitten, Missus was very intelligent! She would open kitchen cabinet doors and drag knit hats and toys into the corner of the cabinets to make a bed for herself. My mother and I would search the house for her, only to find that she had made herself a comfortable hiding spot. She was trained to walk on a leash at a young age, and with a bit more training she learned the hand signals for stop and walk. When she was angry, she would kindly let me know by walking past me, growl, look sternly into my eyes, and be on her way. And when Missus was hungry for a snack, she would jump on her back legs and pat me with her soft paws.

Missus’ brother, Baby Kitty, enjoying a lovely walk.

As she aged, some of these behaviors changed, and others have disappeared entirely. I first noticed a difference in her behavior when she became disorientated during the day. Missus also become extremely irritable and disregarded me when I would tell her “no”. It was not until she began regularly urinating on our kitchen countertops that her Dad and I decided to take her to the veterinarian. I initially thought she may have had a kidney infection, but that was not the case. At eleven years old, she was diagnosed with Dementia, and though it was heartbreaking, her Dad and I decided to try to keep her comfortable and happy. Missus prefers to be carried on walks now rather than walking herself, sometimes she pees on the countertops, and at times she is confused or anxious of her whereabouts even though she’s lived in the same house with me for years. It is difficult to accept when your furry loved one is aging, but it’s not hard to adjust your cat’s life to keep them happy, safe, and loved.

Here are six practices to keep your cat witty and fast, even in their older years:

Keep a Scheduled Routine of Playtime

Kittens love to play, and so do cats, especially when it is with their owner(s). It does not matter if you have bought a new Chewbacca Mouse cat toy, or if you run from them and hide behind corners, or drag string around on the ground. No matter what, your cat is going to have a blast playing with you!

Teach them Tricks

You can teach a cat tricks the same way you can teach a dog. You can teach them how to give high-fives, to sit, to climb, and much more. Just remember to practice, reward your kitty with a special treat, and move on to a new trick when they’ve successfully learned one.

Cats thrive on being stimulated visually.

Looking for Dinner? Make it a Scavenger Hunt!

Get your cat’s hunter instincts activated by placing clues (treats) along the way to your cat’s dinner. If you place treats from the floor, to the couch and their cat trees, and they’ll be more energetic and curious as to where they’re being led. Make it a fun puzzle for them! It is safer than to allow your cat to hunt for mice or birds; this way you can avoid your cat catching any diseases or parasites. And you can take this opportunity to teach your cat some tricks, and reward them with a scrumptious dinner afterwards.

Go on Walks

Physical exercise is just as important for kitty minds as it is for ours. Your cat will be thinking more and will be engaged with their surrounding environment in different ways. If your cat is an indoor pet, they will love the opportunity to chew on grass, watch birds fly in the sky, smell new things, and watch bugs crawl across the ground! Their confidence will also increase as they become used to routine walks.

Get or Make a Cat Tree

Your kitty will love the ability to climb and see their world at a higher view. Not only will the exercise of jumping help your cat, it will also give them a place of safety where they can relieve stress by stretching on the tree and by building their territory.

The perfect example of a good cat tree.

Visual Stimulants

Place your cat on the inside of your window ledge, and let her/him watch the outside world. It is their version of television! If you have a screen you can open the window and let them press their faces against it as they watch the leaves flutter in the breeze. You could even purchase a bird feeder to pace near the window so your feline can watch and imagine hunting sparrows or humming birds!

When to Take Further Steps

If you noticed inappropriate spraying outside the little box(es), a difference in your cat’s sleep schedule, hostile behavior while in a familiar environment, or extreme confusion for your cat, it’s definitely time to take them to the veterinarian. According to the American Association of Feline Practitioners, about fifty percent of cats at fifteen years old start showing signs of brain aging. Keep in mind that it’s important to take your senior kitty to the veterinarian once a year, or more, to make sure their overall health is doing well.

Fish oil can be a wonderful asset for your aging cat.

Remember to keep your cat comfortable, and have a stable routine for him or her. If you are interested in medications for your aging kitty, there’s Anipryl (also goes under the name of L-Deprenyl and Selegiline). It is approved by the FDA to treat cats with Cognitive Dysfunction. Antidepressant could be prescribed to lower serotonin in your kitty’s brain. If you prefer a holistic method, you could buy supplements such as: antioxidants; Vitamin C and E; Fish Oils with Omega 3; Beta Carotene; and L-Carnitine to improve your cat’s cognitive abilities. Talk to your vet if you are interested in any of these medications and supplements.

For myself, I have chosen to keep a steady routine and use a natural approach toward Missus and her aging. She has her personal space, sleeps with a crystal salt lamp nearby, and when she comes to socialize with her Dad or I, we give her lots of love. Missus is also on a steady dose of Nature Made Fish Oil with Omega 3 that is mixed into her meals, with Spectrum Organic Coconut Oil, and Spring Valley Vitamin E. From all the tips above, it is most important to have a routine for your aging cat. Need an example? Try something like this:

Breakfast: 8:00 a.m.                                                          Playtime: 10:30 a.m.

Lunch: 12:30 p.m.                                               Walk/Outside Time: 2:30 p.m.

Training with Treats: 4:30 p.m.                                               Dinner: 6:00 p.m.

         Bedtime: 9:00 p.m.

It will feel like a lot of work, but your kitty will benefit from a routine that they will become comfortable with and can be familiar with. I bet you’re wondering if all of this works. I guarantee, from a lover of cats and as the Mamma of Missus, I have seen big improvements from when she was first diagnosed three years ago with Dementia. Sometimes are not as easy, but she is happy, and so are we.

She may be old, but Missus is still living her best life.

Keep a routine, play with them, and of course, always include lots of snuggles and love for your kitty.

Make sure to check out my cat’s Instagram page for updates on Missus, Baby Kitty, and Fredrick Douglass!

Elanda-Isabella Atencio, our Feline Editor, is on her road to being a “crazy” cat lady. She has three cats; a moody Missus, a wild Baby Kitty, and notorious Fredrick Douglass. She was raised with cats, chickens, dogs, and geese. From cleaning coops, morning dog runs, picking eggs, to growing catnip, Elanda enjoys pampering her pets. Elanda is a student at New Mexico State University, earning her BA in Creative Writing and is Editor-in-Chief of the online arts journal, Independent Noise and reader for Puerto del Sol. She plans to move to Oregon, where she hopes to take her cats on daily walks when it’s overcast and cool. If you’d like to contact Elanda, email her at eincatencio@gmail.com.